The Role of Individual Counseling Services in Transforming Social Relationships of Isolated Students: A Qualitative Study in School Environments

Abstract

Hubungan sosial yang sehat merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan perkembangan peserta didik di lingkungan sekolah. Namun, sebagian siswa mengalami keterasingan sosial yang ditandai dengan rendahnya interaksi dengan teman sebaya, kurangnya partisipasi dalam aktivitas kelompok, dan minimnya penerimaan sosial dari lingkungan sekitar. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menghambat perkembangan pribadi, sosial, dan akademik siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi hubungan sosial siswa berdasarkan hasil sosiometri, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan keterasingan sosial, serta menganalisis peran layanan konseling individu dalam mendukung transformasi hubungan sosial siswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran sosiometri kepada 24 siswa dalam satu kelas, observasi, dan wawancara terhadap satu orang guru Bimbingan dan Konseling. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan keabsahan data diperkuat dengan teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki hubungan sosial yang baik, namun masih terdapat beberapa siswa dengan tingkat penerimaan sosial rendah yang berpotensi mengalami keterasingan sosial. Keterasingan sosial dipengaruhi oleh dinamika kelompok pertemanan, keterbatasan kemampuan berinteraksi, dan penyesuaian diri siswa di lingkungan sekolah. Layanan konseling individu berperan dalam membantu siswa melalui pendekatan personal, pemberian perhatian, dan pendampingan secara berkelanjutan sehingga mendukung perkembangan hubungan sosial siswa. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa data sosiometri dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar identifikasi kebutuhan siswa, sehingga layanan konseling individu dapat diberikan secara lebih tepat sasaran untuk mendukung perkembangan sosial peserta didik.

Abstract

Healthy social relationships are one indicator of successful student development in the school environment. However, some students experience social isolation characterized by low interaction with peers, lack of participation in group activities, and minimal social acceptance from the surrounding environment. These conditions have the potential to hinder students' personal, social, and academic development. This study aims to describe the condition of students' social relationships based on sociometry results, identify factors that cause social isolation, and analyze the role of individual counseling services in supporting the transformation of students' social relationships. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were obtained through the distribution of sociometry to 24 students in one class, observation, and interviews with one Guidance and Counseling teacher. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was strengthened by source triangulation and technical triangulation techniques. The results showed that most students have good social relationships, but there are still some students with low levels of social acceptance who have the potential to experience social isolation. Social isolation is influenced by the dynamics of friendship groups, limited ability to interact, and students' adjustment in the school environment. Individual counseling services play a role in assisting students through a personalized approach, providing ongoing attention and support, thereby supporting the development of students' social relationships. This study concluded that sociometric data can be used as a basis for identifying student needs, allowing for more targeted individual counseling services to support students' social development.