RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer is a peer-reviewed, open access scholarly journal that publishes scientific works in computer systems engineering, computer science, information technology, software engineering, computer networks, embedded systems, artificial intelligence, internet of things, cybersecurity, data systems, and related areas of digital technology.

The journal provides an academic platform for researchers, lecturers, students, engineers, developers, practitioners, and technology professionals to disseminate original research, applied studies, system development reports, conceptual papers, and technological innovations that contribute to the advancement of computer systems engineering and information technology.

RESKOM encourages manuscripts that combine theoretical contribution, methodological rigor, system design, technical implementation, experimental evaluation, computational analysis, and practical relevance. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary studies that connect computer systems engineering with education, industry, public services, digital transformation, automation, data-driven decision making, smart systems, and sustainable technology development.

The journal publishes manuscripts in the following areas:

1. Computer systems engineering and computer architecture
2. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and intelligent systems
3. Internet of Things, smart devices, and sensor-based systems
4. Embedded systems, microcontroller applications, and hardware-software integration
5. Computer networks, network management, and wireless communication systems
6. Cybersecurity, information security, cryptography, and secure computing
7. Cloud computing, distributed systems, virtualization, and edge computing
8. Data science, data mining, big data analytics, and decision support systems
9. Software engineering, application development, and software testing
10. Information systems, enterprise systems, and digital service platforms
11. Database systems, data management, and data visualization
12. Human-computer interaction, user experience, and usability evaluation
13. Robotics, automation, control systems, and intelligent instrumentation
14. Simulation, modeling, optimization, and computational methods
15. Digital transformation, technology adoption, and applied computing in society

RESKOM accepts several types of scholarly manuscripts. Each manuscript section is managed through editorial screening and peer review to ensure relevance, originality, technical quality, ethical compliance, and contribution to the field of computer systems engineering and digital technology.

Research Article

Research articles present original empirical, experimental, computational, or development-based studies. Manuscripts in this section should clearly explain the research problem, novelty, method, implementation, testing process, results, discussion, and contribution to computer systems engineering or information technology.

System Design and Development Article

This section includes manuscripts reporting the design, development, implementation, testing, and evaluation of hardware, software, applications, networks, information systems, embedded systems, IoT platforms, or integrated computer systems. Authors should describe the system architecture, development model, tools, technology stack, testing procedure, and performance evaluation.

Review Article

Review articles synthesize current knowledge, trends, models, frameworks, algorithms, tools, or technologies in computer systems engineering and information technology. This section may include systematic literature reviews, narrative reviews, bibliometric reviews, or critical reviews that provide a clear contribution to scholarly understanding.

Case Study

Case study manuscripts present in-depth analysis of technology implementation, system deployment, digital transformation, network infrastructure, security practices, software adoption, institutional computing, or applied digital solutions in specific organizational or community contexts.

Conceptual and Technical Note

Conceptual and technical notes are scholarly contributions that present models, frameworks, early-stage innovations, technical insights, prototype concepts, algorithmic ideas, or methodological reflections relevant to computer systems engineering and digital technology.

The review process of manuscripts submitted to RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer is designed to ensure scholarly quality, originality, methodological soundness, technical contribution, ethical compliance, and relevance to the journal’s focus and scope. RESKOM applies a peer-review process to maintain the academic integrity and quality of published manuscripts.

The following are the main steps of the review process:

1. Every manuscript submitted to RESKOM is first checked by the editorial team for completeness, conformity with the focus and scope of the journal, compliance with author guidelines, manuscript formatting, citation consistency, and similarity or plagiarism screening.
2. Manuscripts that do not meet basic editorial requirements, ethical standards, or journal scope may be returned to the author for correction or declined before peer review.
3. Manuscripts that pass the initial editorial screening are assigned to reviewers with relevant expertise in computer systems engineering, software engineering, information technology, artificial intelligence, internet of things, embedded systems, computer networks, cybersecurity, data science, or related fields.
4. RESKOM applies a double-blind peer-review process, in which the identities of authors and reviewers are kept confidential during the review process to support fairness and objectivity.
5. Reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on originality, novelty, relevance, theoretical foundation, methodological rigor, system design, experimental procedure, technical implementation, validity of results, clarity of analysis, ethical compliance, citation quality, and contribution to the field.
6. The review results are communicated to the editor and then forwarded to the author. A reviewer may recommend one of the following decisions: Accept Submission, Revisions Required, Resubmit for Review, or Decline Submission.
7. If revision is required, the author must revise the manuscript according to reviewer and editor comments and resubmit it within the specified period. Authors are expected to provide a clear response to each reviewer comment.
8. The editor may request additional review if the revised manuscript requires further evaluation, especially when the revision affects the method, data, system architecture, results, or conclusion.
9. The final decision regarding acceptance or rejection is made by the Editor-in-Chief or appointed editorial team based on reviewer recommendations, editorial assessment, manuscript quality, ethical compliance, and journal policy.

The duration of the review process may vary depending on manuscript quality, reviewer availability, revision complexity, technical evaluation requirements, and editorial workload.

RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer is published twice a year, in June and December. Articles may be processed continuously through the journal’s editorial workflow according to submission readiness, editorial screening, peer-review results, revision completion, copyediting, layout preparation, and publication scheduling.

The publication schedule is intended to support regular dissemination of scholarly works in computer systems engineering, information technology, and digital innovation while maintaining rigorous editorial and peer-review standards.

RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer is an open access journal. This means that all published content is freely available to readers without subscription barriers. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full text of articles for lawful academic, research, educational, and professional purposes, provided that proper acknowledgment of the original source is given.

This open access policy supports the wider dissemination of knowledge in computer systems engineering, information technology, artificial intelligence, internet of things, cybersecurity, data science, cloud computing, embedded systems, and related fields of digital technology. It is aligned with the spirit of open scholarly communication and the broader principles of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI).

Authors retain responsibility for the originality and integrity of their works, while readers and users must cite the authors, article title, journal name, volume, issue, page or article number, DOI when available, and publication source when using or redistributing published articles.

Authors who publish with RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer agree to the following copyright and licensing terms. The copyright notice is intended to clarify the rights of authors, the rights of the journal as the first publisher, and the rights of readers and users under the journal’s open access policy.

Author Copyright

Authors retain the copyright and moral rights of their published articles. By submitting and publishing an article in RESKOM, authors grant the journal the right of first publication and the right to disseminate the article through the official journal website, indexing databases, repositories, academic search engines, and other scholarly communication platforms.

License to Publish

Published articles in RESKOM are made available under an open access license that allows readers to access, read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, link, and use the published content for lawful academic and scholarly purposes, provided that proper attribution to the original author(s), article title, journal name, and publication source is given.

Rights of Authors

Authors are permitted to:

• Share, distribute, and disseminate their published articles through personal websites, institutional repositories, academic networking platforms, and scholarly databases.
• Use their published articles for teaching, research, academic presentations, reports, and further scholarly development.
• Reuse parts of their published articles in future works, such as books, theses, dissertations, research reports, or extended studies, provided that the original publication in RESKOM is properly cited.
• Maintain responsibility for the accuracy, originality, ethical compliance, and integrity of the published work.

Rights of Readers and Users

Readers and users may use published articles in RESKOM for lawful academic, research, educational, and professional purposes. Users must provide proper acknowledgment and must not misrepresent, falsify, manipulate, or use the published work in a misleading manner.

• Users must cite the original author(s), article title, journal name, volume, issue, year, DOI when available, and official publication source.
• Users must not claim the published article or any part of it as their own work.
• Users must not use the article in ways that violate research ethics, intellectual property rights, privacy, confidentiality, or applicable laws.
• Any reuse of data, source code, images, tables, figures, system diagrams, or software documentation must follow the applicable license, citation requirements, and ethical standards.

Third-Party Materials

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to use any third-party materials included in their manuscripts, such as images, datasets, source code, software interfaces, diagrams, tables, figures, technical standards, screenshots, instruments, or copyrighted documentation. Materials that are not owned by the authors must be properly cited and used according to the applicable license or permission.

Author Responsibility

By submitting a manuscript to RESKOM, authors confirm that the manuscript is original, has not been published elsewhere, is not under consideration by another journal or publisher, and does not violate copyright, licensing, privacy, confidentiality, or intellectual property rights. Authors also confirm that they have obtained necessary permissions for all copyrighted or restricted materials included in the manuscript.

RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer is committed to maintaining academic integrity, originality, transparency, and ethical standards in scholarly publishing. All manuscripts submitted to the journal must be original works of the author(s), free from plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, data falsification, citation manipulation, inappropriate authorship, and other forms of academic misconduct.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all sources used in the manuscript are properly acknowledged through accurate in-text citations and complete references. Any use of ideas, theories, data, datasets, source code, algorithms, diagrams, system architectures, screenshots, tables, figures, software documentation, technical standards, instruments, or textual materials from other sources must be clearly cited according to the journal’s citation and referencing style.

Similarity Screening

Every manuscript submitted to RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer may be checked using plagiarism detection software or other similarity-checking tools before the manuscript proceeds to the peer-review process. Similarity checking is conducted to ensure that the submitted manuscript demonstrates originality and proper acknowledgment of sources.

The editorial team may evaluate the similarity result by considering the nature of the overlap, including whether the similarity comes from references, standard methodological expressions, commonly used technical terms, software names, programming syntax, institutional names, article templates, or properly quoted materials. A high similarity score, especially in the main body of the manuscript, may require clarification, revision, or rejection.

Acceptable Similarity

The acceptable similarity level is determined by the editorial team based on editorial judgment and the nature of the manuscript. As a general standard, manuscripts are expected to have a reasonable similarity level after excluding references, direct quotations, article metadata, standard terminology, formulas, and unavoidable technical expressions. Manuscripts with excessive similarity, unattributed copying, or substantial overlap with previously published works may be rejected before review.

Forms of Plagiarism and Unethical Writing

The following practices are considered forms of plagiarism or unethical writing:

• Copying words, sentences, paragraphs, tables, diagrams, algorithms, or sections from another source without proper citation.
• Paraphrasing another author’s ideas, models, methods, frameworks, or technical explanations without acknowledging the original source.
• Using datasets, source code, software, screenshots, system architecture diagrams, flowcharts, figures, instruments, or documentation from other sources without permission or proper acknowledgment.
• Submitting a manuscript that has been published previously in whole or in substantial part.
• Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal or publisher at the same time.
• Reusing substantial parts of the author’s own previously published work without proper citation, also known as self-plagiarism.
• Fabricating, falsifying, manipulating, or misrepresenting data, experimental results, software performance, security findings, test results, images, diagrams, or references.
• Generating false citations, fake references, misleading datasets, or unsupported technical claims.

Author Responsibility

Authors must ensure that their manuscript is original and that all borrowed materials are properly cited. Authors are also responsible for obtaining written permission when using copyrighted materials, including images, diagrams, datasets, code repositories, software interfaces, technical documentation, instruments, or other protected intellectual property.

For manuscripts involving user data, institutional data, software logs, network traffic, security vulnerabilities, personal information, or sensitive digital records, authors must protect privacy, confidentiality, and ethical rights. Any data collection, testing, or analysis involving human participants or sensitive systems must follow appropriate ethical and legal principles.

Editorial Action

If plagiarism or unethical publication practice is detected, the editorial team may take one or more of the following actions:

• Request clarification from the author(s).
• Return the manuscript to the author(s) for revision before review.
• Reject the manuscript during the editorial screening stage.
• Reject the manuscript during or after the peer-review process.
• Withdraw an accepted manuscript before publication.
• Issue a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or notice if plagiarism or misconduct is discovered after publication.
• Report serious ethical violations to the relevant institution or authority when necessary.

Post-Publication Cases

If plagiarism or substantial academic misconduct is identified after publication, RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer reserves the right to investigate the case according to publication ethics principles. If the allegation is confirmed, the journal may publish a correction, expression of concern, or retraction notice, depending on the severity of the case.

This plagiarism policy is intended to protect the integrity of scholarly communication, respect intellectual property, uphold ethical publication practices, and ensure that published articles in RESKOM contribute responsibly to the development of computer systems engineering, information technology, and digital innovation.

RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer supports digital preservation and long-term accessibility of published scholarly content. The journal encourages the preservation of journal content through institutional repositories, journal indexing systems, metadata storage, DOI registration when available, digital archiving services, and preservation mechanisms available through the Open Journal Systems platform.

Authors, readers, libraries, and institutions are encouraged to preserve bibliographic metadata and published article files for lawful scholarly, educational, and archival purposes, provided that the original publication source is properly acknowledged.

The journal may utilize archiving systems such as LOCKSS or other preservation mechanisms when available to ensure that published articles remain accessible for future scholarly use. More information about LOCKSS is available at http://www.lockss.org/.

This statement clarifies the ethical responsibilities of all parties involved in publishing articles in RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher, Program Studi Rekayasa Sistem Komputer, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Enrekang. This statement is informed by the general principles of scholarly publishing ethics and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.

Ethical Guideline for Journal Publication

The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed academic journal is an essential part of the development of a coherent and respected body of knowledge. It reflects the quality of the work of the authors, reviewers, editors, and institutions that support them. Therefore, all parties involved in the publication process must agree upon standards of ethical behavior.

Publication Decisions

The editors of RESKOM are responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts should be published. Decisions are based on manuscript quality, relevance to the journal’s focus and scope, originality, novelty, methodological soundness, technical contribution, reviewer recommendations, editorial assessment, and ethical compliance.

Fair Play

Editors evaluate manuscripts based on intellectual and scholarly content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, institutional affiliation, or political philosophy of the authors. Manuscripts are assessed based on academic quality, technical merit, relevance, originality, and contribution to the field.

Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff must not disclose information about submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher as appropriate. Manuscripts, reviewer comments, editorial correspondence, datasets, software materials, and other submission files must be treated as confidential materials.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s, reviewer’s, or editorial staff member’s own research without the written consent of the author. Editors, reviewers, and authors must disclose any potential conflict of interest that may affect objectivity, judgment, or editorial decisions.

Duties of Editors

• Editorial Accountability: Editors are responsible for maintaining the quality, integrity, transparency, and credibility of the journal’s publication process.
• Objective Evaluation: Editors evaluate manuscripts based on scholarly value, technical contribution, originality, methodological rigor, and relevance to the journal’s scope.
• Peer Review Management: Editors assign manuscripts to qualified reviewers and ensure that the review process is conducted fairly, confidentially, and constructively.
• Ethical Oversight: Editors may investigate suspected misconduct, including plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, citation manipulation, unethical authorship, copyright violation, and misuse of AI tools.
• Decision Transparency: Editorial decisions should be communicated clearly to authors with relevant reasons and reviewer comments when appropriate.

Duties of Reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions: Peer review assists editors in making editorial decisions and may help authors improve their manuscripts.
• Promptness: Reviewers who feel unqualified or unable to complete a review within the required time should notify the editor and decline the review invitation.
• Confidentiality: Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, distribute, discuss, or use unpublished manuscript content for personal advantage.
• Standards of Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively, constructively, and without personal criticism of the author. Comments should be clear, evidence-based, and helpful for improving manuscript quality.
• Technical Evaluation: Reviewers should assess the manuscript’s novelty, methodology, system design, data quality, experimental procedure, technical implementation, result validity, performance evaluation, discussion, and contribution to the field.
• Acknowledgement of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors and alert the editor to any substantial overlap with other works.
• Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: Privileged information obtained through peer review must remain confidential and not be used for personal advantage. Reviewers should declare conflicts of interest and decline review assignments when necessary.

Duties of Authors

• Reporting Standards: Authors should present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Manuscripts should include sufficient detail and references to allow readers to understand, evaluate, and, where possible, replicate the study.
• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that submitted works are original and that all sources are properly cited. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, and unattributed use of materials are unacceptable.
• Data Access and Retention: Authors may be asked to provide raw data, datasets, source code, software documentation, testing logs, or supporting materials for editorial review when necessary, while protecting sensitive or confidential information.
• Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication: Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal or publisher at the same time is unethical and unacceptable.
• Acknowledgement of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given, including textual, visual, algorithmic, computational, software, hardware, dataset, and technical sources.
• Authorship of the Paper: Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant intellectual contributions to the conception, design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, writing, or revision of the study.
• Research Ethics: Studies involving human participants, user data, institutional data, network traffic, sensitive systems, or security-related testing must follow ethical principles related to consent, privacy, confidentiality, and responsible disclosure.
• Copyright and Licensing: Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts do not violate copyright, software licenses, data licenses, intellectual property rights, or third-party usage restrictions.
• Software, Data, and Reproducibility: Authors are encouraged to provide sufficient information about datasets, software, hardware, experimental settings, algorithms, and testing procedures to support transparency and reproducibility, while protecting sensitive data and security information.
• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Authors should disclose any potential conflicts of interest and all sources of financial or institutional support that may influence the research.
• Fundamental Errors in Published Works: Authors must promptly notify the editor if they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work and cooperate with the editorial team to correct or retract the article when necessary.

AI Policy for RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer

1. Scope and Purpose

This policy governs the use of artificial intelligence tools and technologies in the research, writing, review, and editorial processes for manuscripts submitted to RESKOM: Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Komputer. The policy aims to maintain academic integrity, ensure transparency, promote ethical practices, protect confidentiality, and support responsible use of AI in scholarly communication.

Because RESKOM publishes works in computer systems engineering, artificial intelligence, software engineering, data science, cybersecurity, and related fields, the journal recognizes that AI tools may be part of research objects, research methods, development tools, coding support, data analysis, or manuscript preparation. However, AI tools must be used responsibly and must not replace human intellectual contribution, technical judgment, ethical responsibility, or author accountability.

2. Guidelines for Authors

2.1. Use of AI in Research

• Authors may use AI tools for data analysis, coding assistance, model development, simulation, visualization, transcription support, translation assistance, debugging, testing support, or other research-related purposes, provided that the tools are explicitly mentioned in the methodology, acknowledgment, or declaration section where relevant.
• The limitations, assumptions, possible biases, training data limitations, evaluation constraints, and potential errors of AI tools should be acknowledged to ensure transparency and academic accountability.
• AI tools must not be used to fabricate, falsify, manipulate, or misrepresent research data, datasets, experimental results, software performance, security findings, source code, images, tables, or references.
• When AI models, algorithms, datasets, or platforms are part of the research object, authors should describe them clearly, including model type, version when available, data source, evaluation method, and ethical considerations.

2.2. Use of AI in Writing

• Authors must disclose any substantive use of AI tools in drafting, editing, translating, summarizing, proofreading, generating code explanations, preparing figures, or improving the readability of the manuscript.
• AI tools should not replace the author’s intellectual contribution, scholarly interpretation, technical analysis, methodological explanation, or responsibility for the manuscript.
• AI-generated content must be reviewed, verified, edited, and contextualized by the authors before submission.
• Authors must ensure that AI-assisted writing does not introduce false claims, incorrect citations, fabricated references, inaccurate technical explanations, unsupported performance results, or misleading interpretations.

2.3. Authorship and AI

• AI systems, chatbots, language models, code generators, or other automated tools cannot be credited as authors or co-authors under any circumstances.
• Authorship is limited to human contributors who are able to take responsibility for the integrity, originality, validity, and ethical compliance of the work.
• Authors remain fully responsible for all parts of the manuscript, including portions assisted by AI tools.

2.4. Ethical Considerations

• Authors must ensure that the use of AI does not violate privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, copyright, intellectual property rights, software licenses, data protection rules, institutional policies, or research ethics guidelines.
• AI tools must not be used to generate false citations, fabricate references, manipulate images, falsify datasets, generate deceptive software outputs, or misrepresent technical results.
• Authors must not upload confidential manuscripts, unpublished data, private user information, institutional records, sensitive datasets, security vulnerabilities, or proprietary source code into public AI systems unless appropriate permission and safeguards are in place.
• For cybersecurity-related manuscripts, authors must ensure that AI tools are not used to create harmful, exploitative, unauthorized, or malicious technical content.

2.5. Referencing AI-Generated Texts

• If AI tools are used substantively to generate text or support manuscript preparation, their use must be disclosed clearly in the manuscript.
• Authors should follow the citation or disclosure format required by the journal and relevant academic style guidelines.
• The disclosure should identify the tool or service used, the purpose of use, and the extent of human review and editing.

Suggested Disclosure Statement:
During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [name of tool/service] for [specific purpose]. After using this tool or service, the author(s) reviewed, edited, verified, and approved the content and take full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.

3. Guidelines for Reviewers

• Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential documents and must not upload unpublished manuscripts, datasets, source code, technical diagrams, reviewer reports, or confidential review materials into public AI systems.
• Reviewers may use AI tools only for limited auxiliary tasks, such as grammar checking, language support, or organizing personal review notes, provided that confidentiality is preserved.
• AI tools must not replace the reviewer’s scholarly judgment, technical evaluation, ethical assessment, or final recommendation.
• Reviewers must independently assess the originality, method, system design, algorithm, data quality, experimental validity, performance evaluation, and contribution of the manuscript.
• Any substantive use of AI in the review process should be disclosed to the editorial team.

4. Guidelines for Editors

• Editors may use AI-assisted tools for non-decisional tasks such as similarity checking, grammar support, workflow assistance, metadata preparation, formatting support, or preliminary administrative checks.
• Editorial decisions regarding acceptance, revision, rejection, withdrawal, correction, or retraction remain the responsibility of human editors.
• Editors must ensure that confidentiality, transparency, fairness, and academic integrity are maintained throughout the editorial process.
• Editors should not rely solely on AI-generated assessments to determine manuscript quality, reviewer selection, ethical judgment, or publication decisions.

5. Transparency and Disclosure

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose the substantive use of AI tools in their respective roles when such use affects the research process, writing process, review process, editorial support, data analysis, code generation, technical interpretation, or manuscript preparation. Disclosure should include the type of tool used, the purpose of its use, and the extent of its influence.

6. Integrity and Accountability

• The editorial team may request clarification or evidence regarding the use of AI tools.
• The editorial team may investigate cases of undisclosed, misleading, unethical, or harmful use of AI.
• The journal may reject, withdraw, correct, or retract manuscripts if unethical AI use is discovered before or after publication.
• Authors remain fully accountable for the accuracy, originality, validity, reproducibility, ethical compliance, and integrity of the submitted manuscript.

7. Continuous Review

This policy may be reviewed and updated periodically to respond to the development of AI technologies and their implications for academic publishing, computer systems engineering, artificial intelligence, software engineering, cybersecurity, data science, and scholarly communication.

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in Scientific Writing

Authors must declare substantive use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing upon submission. This guidance applies to the writing process and does not necessarily apply to basic tools used only for checking grammar, spelling, references, formatting, or other minor language improvements.

• Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies should only be used to improve readability, language quality, organization, technical clarity, code explanation, or manuscript preparation.
• The technology must be applied with human oversight, verification, and editorial control.
• Authors must not list or cite AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author.
• Authors must take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, ethical compliance, technical validity, reproducibility, and integrity of the submitted manuscript.
• Authors must verify all AI-assisted outputs, including citations, references, formulas, algorithms, source code, tables, figures, and technical explanations.

The declaration should be placed before the references list under the heading:

Statement: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool or service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.

If authors have nothing to disclose, no AI declaration statement is required.